Deep Learning–Based Estimated Pulmonary Biological Age From Chest Computed Tomography Images in Healthy Adults: Model Development and Validation Study

Liping Zuo   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Na Zhu   ^{2 *} , MM ;   Bowen Wang   ¹ , MD ;   Donglai Li   ³ , MD ;   Jinlei Fan   ¹ , MD ;   Zhaolei Fan   ⁴ , MSc ;   Yongsheng Shang   ⁴ , MSc ;   Yongxiang Wang   ⁴ , MSc ;   Lei Xu   ⁵ , MM ;   Peng Zhou   ⁶ , MM ;   Wangshu Cai   ⁶ , MM ;   Dexin Yu   ¹ , MD

¹ Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China

² Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao 266035, Shandong, China

³ Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China

⁴ Msun Health Technology Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China

⁵ Medical Imaging Department, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying 257100, Shandong, China

⁶ Department of Radiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China

*these authors contributed equally