Demoralization and Mental Disorders in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cluster Analysis

Alice Onofrio   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Maria Ferrara   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , MD, PhD ;   Ilaria Domenicano   ¹ , PhD ;   Martino Belvederi Murri   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Tommaso Toffanin   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD ;   Maria Giulia Nanni   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Alessandra Canuto   ⁴ , MD ;   Kerstin Weber   ⁵ , PhD ;   Jana Volkert   ⁶ , PhD ;   Holger Schulz   ⁷ , MD ;   Martin Härter   ⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Sylke Andreas   ⁸ , PhD ;   Luigi Grassi   ^{1, 2} , MD

¹ Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

² Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addiction, Local Health Trust (AUSL) Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

³ Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States

⁴ Valais Hospital - Hospital Centre of French-speaking Valais (CHVR), Sion, Switzerland

⁵ Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

⁶ Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

⁷ Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

⁸ Institute of Psychology, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria

*these authors contributed equally