Using Virtual Reality to Assess Spatial Navigation Ability in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study

Ming-Chyi Pai   ^{1, 2, 3} , MD, PhD ;   Yuh-Ting Lin   ³ , MS ;   Chung-Yao Hsiao   ¹ , MD ;   Chia-Hung Lai   ⁴ ;   Chih-Jen Chen   ⁴ ;   Chaur-Jong Hu   ^{5, 6} , MD ;   Cheng-Yu Chen   ^{7, 8, 9, 10, 11} , MD

¹ Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

² Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan

³ Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

⁴ Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan

⁵ Department of Neurology, Medical College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

⁶ Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan

⁷ Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

⁸ Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

⁹ Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

¹⁰ Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

¹¹ Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan