Gender Differences in the Digital Divide, Digital Back-Feeding, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Rural Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study

Xin Che   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Shujun Chai   ⁵ , PhD ;   Dan Zhao   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Shirong Chen   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , MSc ;   Chengchao Zhou   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 6} , PhD

¹ Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China

² NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China

³ Center for Health Management and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China

⁴ Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan, China

⁵ School of Population and Health, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China

⁶ Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China