Published on in Vol 8 (2025)
Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are
available at
https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/71712, first published
.

1 School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
2 School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
3 Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China
*these authors contributed equally
