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Author's Reply: Critical Limitations in Systematic Reviews of Large Language Models in Health Care

Author's Reply: Critical Limitations in Systematic Reviews of Large Language Models in Health Care

Complementary to benchmarking LLMs on research datasets, our review covers studies using LLMs in both research and clinical settings. While we identified key challenges of LLMs in real-world applications, a comprehensive assessment of discrepancies between research and clinical settings is clearly beyond the scope. While our review discusses key concerns of the use of LLMs in clinical settings including hallucination risks and ethical considerations, a comprehensive risk assessment is beyond scope.

Andre Python, HongYi Li, Jun-Fen Fu

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e82729


Critical Limitations in Systematic Reviews of Large Language Models in Health Care

Critical Limitations in Systematic Reviews of Large Language Models in Health Care

The review lacks assessment of the included studies. A recent meta-analysis in medical AI has emphasized the importance of evaluating study design, validation approaches, and statistical rigor [3]. The authors’ approach of simply counting “best performance” instances without considering study quality, sample sizes, or validation rigor represents a significant methodological weakness.

Zvi Weizman

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e81769


The Health Sector Response to Gender-Based Violence and Sexual Reproductive Health Programs in the Commonwealth and Selected African Countries: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Health Sector Response to Gender-Based Violence and Sexual Reproductive Health Programs in the Commonwealth and Selected African Countries: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A mixed methods systematic review will be carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines [32] (Multimedia Appendix 1) and the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research recommendations [33]. The mixed methods approach will incorporate both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the studies selected for the review.

Refilwe Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya, Edith Phalane, Nompumelelo Zungu, Alfred Musekiwa, Lebogang Ramalepe, Kayla Bagg, Peter Nyasulu, Olive Shisana

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e67571


Evidence for the Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in the Treatment of Patients With Noncommunicable Diseases: Systematic Review

Evidence for the Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in the Treatment of Patients With Noncommunicable Diseases: Systematic Review

To close this gap, this systematic review aimed to address the following question: What is the evidence for using PROMs to improve health care, and what characterizes the most effective interventions?

Marie Villumsen, Benedikte Irene von Osmanski, Kirsten Elisabeth Lomborg, Kirstine Skov Benthien

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e66160


Technology-Assisted Physical Activity Interventions for Older People in Their Home-Based Environment: Scoping Review

Technology-Assisted Physical Activity Interventions for Older People in Their Home-Based Environment: Scoping Review

A recent review by Costa-Brito et al elaborated on the usage of technology to improve physical function among older community-dwelling adults [23] and focused on the purpose and volume of an activity, types of technology, aspects of the usage of technology (adherence, acceptance, feasibility), and health outcomes. The review, however, did not go into the specific characteristics of the study participants, the technology’s functionality, or its user interface.

Rosemary Dubbeldam, Rafal Stemplewski, Iuliia Pavlova, Magdalena Cyma-Wejchenig, Sunwoo Lee, Patrick Esser, Ellen Bentlage, Veysel Alcan, Özge Selin Çevik, Eleni Epiphaniou, Francesca Gallè, Antoine Langeard, Simone Gafner, Mona Ahmed, Niharika Bandaru, Arzu Erden Güner, Evrim Göz, Ilke Kara, Ayşe Kabuk, Ilayda Türkoglu, Zada Pajalic, Jan Vindiš, Damjan Jaksic, Uǧur Verep, Ioanna Chouvarda, Vera Simovska, Yael Netz, Jana Pelclova

JMIR Aging 2025;8:e65746


Performance of Natural Language Processing for Information Extraction From Electronic Health Records Within Cancer: Systematic Review

Performance of Natural Language Processing for Information Extraction From Electronic Health Records Within Cancer: Systematic Review

To the best of our knowledge, no review has been conducted that summarizes the differences in the performance of various types of NLP models for IE within the context of cancer. This review provides an overview of the various NLP methods used for IE and compares them in terms of their performance. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Simon Dahl, Martin Bøgsted, Tomer Sagi, Charles Vesteghem

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e68707


Imposters, Bots, and Other Threats to Data Integrity in Online Research: Scoping Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Best Practices

Imposters, Bots, and Other Threats to Data Integrity in Online Research: Scoping Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Best Practices

Ultimately, 90 articles met criteria for inclusion in this review [2-4,11,13,15,20-103]. This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. A codebook was developed through an interrogative process. First, a codebook was created a priori according to our research questions. Additional codes and subcodes were added through an inductive process.

Isabella B Strickland, Amy K Ferketich, Alayna P Tackett, Joanne G Patterson, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Jade Davis, Megan Roberts

Online J Public Health Inform 2025;17:e70926


Multilevel Diabetes Prevention Interventions to Address Population Inequities in Diabetes Risk: Scoping Review

Multilevel Diabetes Prevention Interventions to Address Population Inequities in Diabetes Risk: Scoping Review

The review methodology followed the framework of Arksey and O’Malley [22] and the Joanna Briggs Institute [23], and adhered to the PRISMA-Sc R (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines (Checklist 1). Scoping reviews are specifically useful for reviewing health research evidence and identifying research gaps [24] and therefore align with the goals of our review. The review protocol was registered on Open Science Framework [25].

Reshma Patel, Kathy Kornas, David Gerstle, Lori M Diemert, Laura C Rosella

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e70267


Behavior Change Resources Used in Mobile App–Based Interventions Addressing Weight, Behavioral, and Metabolic Outcomes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Behavior Change Resources Used in Mobile App–Based Interventions Addressing Weight, Behavioral, and Metabolic Outcomes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

A previous systematic review [11] has suggested that mobile health (m Health) apps hold promise for health behavior change. m Health is defined as “medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants, and other wireless devices” [12].

Sijia Li, You Zhou, Ying Tang, Haoming Ma, Yuying Zhang, Aoqi Wang, Xingyi Tang, Runyuan Pei, Meihua Piao

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e63313


Ethics and Equity Challenges in Telerehabilitation for Older Adults: Rapid Review

Ethics and Equity Challenges in Telerehabilitation for Older Adults: Rapid Review

This review aims to examine these concerns and explore telerehabilitation for older adults over the past 10 years. Rapid reviews are a form of synthesis that accelerates the traditional systematic review process, facilitating the dissemination of literature in a resource-efficient manner, particularly relevant in the context of rapidly advancing technology research [9].

Mirella Veras, Louis-Pierre Auger, Jennifer Sigouin, Nahid Gheidari, Michelle LA Nelson, William C Miller, Anne Hudon, Dahlia Kairy

JMIR Aging 2025;8:e69660