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Measuring Psychological Well-Being and Behaviors Using Smartphone-Based Digital Phenotyping: An Intensive Longitudinal Observational mHealth Pilot Study Embedded in a Prospective Cohort of Women

Measuring Psychological Well-Being and Behaviors Using Smartphone-Based Digital Phenotyping: An Intensive Longitudinal Observational mHealth Pilot Study Embedded in a Prospective Cohort of Women

Many dimensions of psychological well-being—both stable traits (eg, optimism) and time-varying states (eg, happiness)—are linked to positive physical health outcomes such as a lower risk of chronic disease and mortality [1-3]. Health behaviors, including diet, physical activity, and sleep, are risk factors for many chronic diseases and may also be influenced by psychological well-being, thus acting as pathways by which psychological well-being affects physical health [4-9].

Li Yi, Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald, Cindy R Hu, Grete Wilt, Jorge Chavarro, Jukka-Pekka Onnela, Francine Grodstein, Laura D Kubzansky, Peter James

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e71375


Fluctuations in Daily Happiness and Nervousness Based on Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Adolescents or Young Adults Across 3 Latin American Cities: Experience Sampling Study

Fluctuations in Daily Happiness and Nervousness Based on Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Adolescents or Young Adults Across 3 Latin American Cities: Experience Sampling Study

Similarly, differences in the variations of the predicted happiness scores were associated with gender. Thus, male participants exhibited the highest variability in their happiness scores (Table 2). Variability in happiness and nervousness scores in adolescents and young adults across 3 Latin American cities. Our analysis used a robust test for equality of variances. Analysis was performed on 143 participants with a total of 5246 experience sampling method reports.

Ana L Vilela-Estrada, David Villarreal-Zegarra, Nikol Mayo-Puchoc, Nicola Holt, Ángela Flórez-Varela, Catherine Fung, Karen Ariza-Salazar, Fernando Luis Carbonetti, Sumiko Flores, Adriana Carbonel, Natividad Olivar, Carlos Gomez-Restrepo, Luis Ignacio Brusco, Stefan Priebe, Francisco Diez-Canseco

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e65732


Understanding Individual Differences in Happiness Sources and Implications for Health Technology Design: Exploratory Analysis of an Open Dataset

Understanding Individual Differences in Happiness Sources and Implications for Health Technology Design: Exploratory Analysis of an Open Dataset

Much literature uses terms such as “happiness,” “subjective well-being,” “thriving,” and “flourishing” interchangeably [2,3]. There is no complete consensus on the relationship between happiness and well-being, but happiness is at least considered to be a component of well-being. At the very basic level, happiness is an example of a positive emotion that contributes to well-being, with joy, love, and gratitude representing additional examples [4].

Edel Ennis, Raymond Bond, Maurice Mulvenna, Colm Sweeney

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e65658


Messenger App–Based Information Provision for Promoting Social Participation to Enhance Well-Being Among Community-Dwelling Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

Messenger App–Based Information Provision for Promoting Social Participation to Enhance Well-Being Among Community-Dwelling Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

Happiness, an aspect of subjective well-being, has become a major topic in public health over the past decades [1]. It includes not only momentary joy but also the overall sense of positive effect that individuals experience in their lives. Recent research has underscored the influence of well-being, including happiness, on both mental and physical health outcomes [2,3], making it a public health concern.

Atsushi Nakagomi, Noriyuki Abe, Yu-Ru Chen, Kazushige Ide, Shuhei Kobayashi, Masamichi Hanazato, Katsunori Kondo

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e57205


mHealth Gratitude Exercise Mindfulness App for Resiliency Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Staff: Three-Arm Pretest-Posttest Interventional Study

mHealth Gratitude Exercise Mindfulness App for Resiliency Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Staff: Three-Arm Pretest-Posttest Interventional Study

Research supports that individuals can improve their levels of happiness with various emotional management skills [10]. The focus of this study was to empower health care workers to learn skills that may help them cope with working in a high-stress, emotional environment. Self-care strategies can improve the personal and professional quality of life (Pro QOL) of nurses and other health care staff.

Neil E Peterson, Michael Thomas, Stacie Hunsaker, Tevin Stewart, Claire J Collett

JMIR Nursing 2024;7:e54561


Understanding the Connection Among Ikigai, Well-Being, and Home Robot Acceptance in Japanese Older Adults: Mixed Methods Study

Understanding the Connection Among Ikigai, Well-Being, and Home Robot Acceptance in Japanese Older Adults: Mixed Methods Study

The word happiness is often used interchangeably with both HWB and SWB. Of the 3 constructs, life satisfaction results from a cognitive appraisal of one’s life as a whole, whereas positive and negative affect are affective components of HWB. It has been shown that positive affect is responsible for 75% of the variation in HWB [36]. In contrast, EWB is often defined by what it is not (ie, not mere affect, pleasure, or happiness) [39].

Natasha Randall, Waki Kamino, Swapna Joshi, Wei-Chu Chen, Long-Jing Hsu, Katherine M Tsui, Selma Šabanović

JMIR Aging 2023;6:e45442


Testing the Outcomes of a Smoking Cessation Smartphone App for Nondaily Smokers: Protocol for a Proof-of-concept Randomized Controlled Trial

Testing the Outcomes of a Smoking Cessation Smartphone App for Nondaily Smokers: Protocol for a Proof-of-concept Randomized Controlled Trial

App users are also encouraged to engage in a happiness-boost activity throughout the day as needed. The goal of the boost activity is to serve as a “rescue” activity during moments of craving or particularly low positive affect. Completing these activities is meant to provide a momentary boost in positive affect. To provide variety, the app randomly selects 1 of 11 possible happiness-boost activities each day as derived from the positive psychology literature.

Bettina B Hoeppner, Kaitlyn R Siegel, Sarah R Dickerman, Akshiti A Todi, Christopher W Kahler, Elyse R Park, Susanne S Hoeppner

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e40867


Feature-Level Analysis of a Smoking Cessation Smartphone App Based on a Positive Psychology Approach: Prospective Observational Study

Feature-Level Analysis of a Smoking Cessation Smartphone App Based on a Positive Psychology Approach: Prospective Observational Study

They started with the happiness content, including showing the participants the specific buttons that explained the positive psychology framework used by the app (ie, the buttons labeled “why happiness” and “why this exercise”). These buttons were prominently displayed when engaging in the positive psychology content of the app and provided text explaining why app users were asked to complete happiness exercises in order to support their smoking cessation efforts.

Bettina B Hoepper, Kaitlyn R Siegel, Hannah A Carlon, Christopher W Kahler, Elyse R Park, Steven Trevor Taylor, Hazel V Simpson, Susanne S Hoeppner

JMIR Form Res 2022;6(7):e38234


The Effects of a Digital Mental Health Intervention in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Analysis of Real-World User Data

The Effects of a Digital Mental Health Intervention in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Analysis of Real-World User Data

Some activities can be completed fully within the app (eg, psychoeducational quiz about happiness), while others require action outside of the app (eg, calling a friend or practicing a more adaptive response to an upsetting event or situation).

Robert M Montgomery, Eliane M Boucher, Ryan D Honomichl, Tyler A Powell, Sharelle L Guyton, Samantha L Bernecker, Sarah Elizabeth Stoeckl, Acacia C Parks

JMIR Cardio 2021;5(2):e32351


A Smoking Cessation App for Nondaily Smokers (Version 2 of the Smiling Instead of Smoking App): Acceptability and Feasibility Study

A Smoking Cessation App for Nondaily Smokers (Version 2 of the Smiling Instead of Smoking App): Acceptability and Feasibility Study

To draw attention to this information, Si S2 used a new Owl Wisdom mechanism, where the app sent push notifications to app users every 3-4 days to share with them a relevant scientific finding related to happiness or positive affect and its connections to smoking outcomes, health, and well-being (Figure 2).

Bettina B Hoeppner, Kaitlyn R Siegel, Hannah A Carlon, Christopher W Kahler, Elyse R Park, Susanne S Hoeppner

JMIR Form Res 2021;5(11):e29760