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From Efficacy to Scale: Addressing Digital Health’s Original Sin

From Efficacy to Scale: Addressing Digital Health’s Original Sin

Efficacy isn’t enough: Efficacy remains essential, but prioritizing completion over engagement has stalled adoption and prevented scale. Engagement must be central: Normalizing attrition reporting and adopting software-informed dissemination models are essential to move from efficacy to scale. In the late 1990s, when I got my start in digital health, top of mind for researchers and investors was disruption. Internet penetration in North America was still limited.

Trevor van Mierlo, JMIR Correspondent

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e85878


Engagement With and Impact of an mHealth App for Childhood Obesity Prevention and Management: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

Engagement With and Impact of an mHealth App for Childhood Obesity Prevention and Management: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

A key limiting factor for impact is low engagement and adherence [15,16]. To achieve positive outcomes, there is a need to understand how digital tools for pediatric weight management can best support users’ engagement with interventions and their target health behaviors to achieve positive outcomes. This study will aim to assess the impact of such an intervention on health behavior change and explore how engagement can be best supported.

Madison Milne-Ives, Ananya Ananthakrishnan, Sophie R Homer, Jackie Andrade, Edward Meinert

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e71551


The Impact of Dose in an mHealth Intervention to Support Parents and Carers Via Healthy Beginnings for Hunter New England Kids Program: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial

The Impact of Dose in an mHealth Intervention to Support Parents and Carers Via Healthy Beginnings for Hunter New England Kids Program: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial

However, as part of the pilot and ongoing rollout of HB4 HNEKids, routine quality assurance data has been collected to monitor and improve program reach, engagement, and overall health outcomes. Dose is an important aspect of any m Health intervention, particularly long-term programs such as HB4 HNEKids. The dose of a program can have a direct effect on participant engagement, and therefore the effectiveness of an intervention [8].

Alison L Brown, Nayerra Hudson, Jessica Pinfold, Rebecca Sewter, Lynda Davies, Christophe Lecathelinais, Jacklyn K Jackson, Tessa Delaney, Sienna Kavalec, Rachel Sutherland

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e70158


Dissemination of Information on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on TikTok: Analytical Mixed Methods Study of Creator Types, Content Tone, and User Engagement

Dissemination of Information on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on TikTok: Analytical Mixed Methods Study of Creator Types, Content Tone, and User Engagement

The underrepresentation of emotional resonance in educational content represents a missed opportunity for medical professionals to enhance trust and engagement on platforms like Tik Tok. By analyzing SSRI-related Tik Toks through the dual lens of video and content tone, our study builds upon previous research by linking stylistic elements to viewer engagement and perception.

Brittany Quinn, Lindsey Nichols, Jennifer Frazee, Mark Payton, Rachel M A Linger

JMIR Ment Health 2025;12:e77383


How Engagement Changes Over Time in a Digital Eating Disorder App: Observational Study

How Engagement Changes Over Time in a Digital Eating Disorder App: Observational Study

Notably, most of these definitions only captured summary-level or endpoint measurements of engagement, so little is known about how engagement changes over time and if changes in engagement contribute to treatment gains.

Rachael E Flatt, Laura M Thornton, Jenna Tregarthen, Stuart Argue, Cynthia M Bulik

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e68824


Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to Engagement of an Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for Cancer Survivors With Chronic Painful Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Qualitative Interview Study

Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to Engagement of an Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for Cancer Survivors With Chronic Painful Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Qualitative Interview Study

Engagement offers a broader conceptualization, encompassing both behavioral adherence and subjective experiences such as motivation, satisfaction, and perceived relevance [8,12]. Considering engagement in online interventions is therefore crucial to maximize the effectiveness of online interventions [5,12,13]. Several studies have explored factors influencing user engagement with online interventions.

Daniëlle van de Graaf, Marije van der Lee, Tom Smeets, Hester Trompetter, Floortje Mols

JMIR Cancer 2025;11:e64983


Evaluating and Optimizing Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions in a Digital Mental Health Intervention (Wysa for Chronic Pain) for Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Series of Randomized Trials

Evaluating and Optimizing Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions in a Digital Mental Health Intervention (Wysa for Chronic Pain) for Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Series of Randomized Trials

Furthermore, time-varying effects of a JITAI can be studied with an MRT, for instance, to evaluate a JITAI’s impact on engagement during the first day of app use (when engagement is typically high) compared to the tenth week of app use (when engagement is typically lower) [46]. Study design. JITAI: just-in-time adaptive intervention; MRT: microrandomized trial; RCT: randomized controlled trial.

Abby L Cheng, Joanna Abraham, Sarah M Hartz, Eric B Laber, J Philip Miller

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e77532


Leveraging Influencers to Reach and Engage Vulnerable Individuals With a Digital Health Intervention: Quasi-Experimental Field Study

Leveraging Influencers to Reach and Engage Vulnerable Individuals With a Digital Health Intervention: Quasi-Experimental Field Study

The engagement with the intervention was assessed via the number of conversational turns and milestones completed in the interventions (the predefined milestones are described in Figure 8 and further detailed in Multimedia Appendix 1, section A2). The maximum number of conversational turns varied among the different conditions, and this factor was considered when calculating the engagement.

Marcia Nißen, Samira Harperink, Priyam Joshi, Anja Yvonne Bischof, Theresa Schachner, Yanick Xavier Lukic, Fabian Schneider, Prabhakaran Santhanam, Florian v Wangenheim, Joseph Ollier, Tobias Kowatsch

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e67174


Association of Qualified Clinical Data Registry Clinician Dashboard Engagement With Performance on Quality-of-Care Measures: Cross-Sectional Analysis

Association of Qualified Clinical Data Registry Clinician Dashboard Engagement With Performance on Quality-of-Care Measures: Cross-Sectional Analysis

The “global engagement” analyses were designed to understand whether regular and sustained engagement with the dashboard across any measure was associated with measure performance. For the global analyses, we classified practices according to the sessions and actions across all measures based on a published framework for dashboard engagement [20].

Emma Kersey, Jing Li, Julia Adler-Milstein, Jinoos Yazdany, Stephen Shiboski, Gabriela Schmajuk

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e72709