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Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence and Mental Health Professionals for Clinical Decision-Making With Trauma-Exposed Populations: Vignette-Based Experimental Study

Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence and Mental Health Professionals for Clinical Decision-Making With Trauma-Exposed Populations: Vignette-Based Experimental Study

Trauma-related diagnostic overshadowing for these likelihood ratings was defined as lower ratings for the target diagnosis (ie, OCD or SUD) or higher ratings for a PTSD diagnosis when trauma exposure was present versus absent. Respondents were then asked to select the primary diagnosis they would assign from the list of diagnoses.

Katherine E Wislocki, Sabahat Sami, Gahl Liberzon, Alyson K Zalta

JMIR Ment Health 2025;12:e80801


Differential Diagnosis Assessment in Ambulatory Care With a Digital Health History Device: Pseudorandomized Study

Differential Diagnosis Assessment in Ambulatory Care With a Digital Health History Device: Pseudorandomized Study

Among these devices is “DIANNA” (diagnosis and anamnesis), which has undergone substantial improvements since its initial development. A previous randomized controlled trial provided early insights into the tool’s impact on diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Building on this foundation, DIANNA now includes a body pictogram feature to better select symptomatic areas, making it more intuitive and comprehensive for clinicians [4,5].

Beth Healey, Adrien Schwitzguebel, Herve Spechbach

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e56384


Large Language Models in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review

Large Language Models in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review

In recent years, integrated full-cycle management—covering prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care—has been promoted to improve both survival and quality of life [7,8]. However, this approach requires complex workflows and large-scale data processing, placing heavy demands on medical resources and personnel. Artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), offers a potential solution.

Ruikang Zhong, Siyi Chen, Zexing Li, Tangke Gao, Yisha Su, Wenzheng Zhang, Dianna Liu, Lei Gao, Kaiwen Hu

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e74177


Diagnostic and Screening AI Tools in Brazil’s Resource-Limited Settings: Systematic Review

Diagnostic and Screening AI Tools in Brazil’s Resource-Limited Settings: Systematic Review

RQ1: Is the tool used for diagnosis or screening? This question helps clarify the primary objective of each intervention. This distinction is essential, as screening focuses on maximizing sensitivity to ensure few actual cases are missed, while diagnosis aims to confirm or rule out a condition in individuals already identified as at risk, requiring a balance between sensitivity and specificity. RQ2: What is the context and location of the tool’s application?

Leticia Medeiros Mancini, Luiz Eduardo Vanderlei Torres, Jorge Artur P de M Coelho, Nichollas Botelho da Fonseca, Pedro Fellipe Dantas Cordeiro, Samara Silva Noronha Cavalcante, Diego Dermeval

JMIR AI 2025;4:e69547


How to Improve Pancreatic Cancer Network Care Using a Human-Centered Design Sprint

How to Improve Pancreatic Cancer Network Care Using a Human-Centered Design Sprint

Regarding quality parameters of oncological care, multicenter care in Dutch pancreatic cancer patients is associated with repeated diagnostic investigations, delayed time-to-diagnosis, and delayed time-to-treatment [15]. These studies illustrate the complexity of pancreatic cancer network care and underline the necessity of close collaboration between the non-expert and expert centers.

Jana S Hopstaken, Mats Koeneman, Robin Hooijer, Concha C van Rijssel, Theo van Voorthuizen, Frank A Oort, Charlotte F J M Blanken, Martijn de Groot, Cees J H M van Laarhoven, Martijn W J Stommel

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e55598


Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of “Rapidly Benchmarking Large Language Models for Diagnosing Comorbid Patients: Comparative Study Leveraging the LLM-as-a-Judge Method”

Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of “Rapidly Benchmarking Large Language Models for Diagnosing Comorbid Patients: Comparative Study Leveraging the LLM-as-a-Judge Method”

It would be advisable to include a comparative analysis to evaluate diagnosis accuracy and the prioritization of additional tests between physicians and LLMs. Furthermore, the absence of actual data around patient history and other diagnostic parameters beyond what was reported in billing reports (reported as “ground truth” in the study) is a weakness. This can lead to an incomplete or partial diagnosis being labeled as the final diagnosis, leading to miscalculations about the accuracy of LLMs.

Peter Sarvari, Zaid Al-fagih

JMIRx Med 2025;6:e81235


Rapidly Benchmarking Large Language Models for Diagnosing Comorbid Patients: Comparative Study Leveraging the LLM-as-a-Judge Method

Rapidly Benchmarking Large Language Models for Diagnosing Comorbid Patients: Comparative Study Leveraging the LLM-as-a-Judge Method

Given the recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), large language models (LLMs) have been proposed to help with various aspects of clinical work, including diagnosis [7]. GPT-4, an LLM developed by Open AI, has shown promise in medical applications with its ability to pass medical board exams in multiple countries and languages [8-11].

Peter Sarvari, Zaid Al-fagih

JMIRx Med 2025;6:e67661


Assessment of Mental and Chronic Health Conditions as Determinants of Health Care Needs and Digital Innovations for Women With Sexual Dysfunction: Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey Study in Germany

Assessment of Mental and Chronic Health Conditions as Determinants of Health Care Needs and Digital Innovations for Women With Sexual Dysfunction: Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey Study in Germany

The PPI-developed items were organized into six thematic sections: (1) sociodemographic characteristics relevant for quota-based sampling (4 items; eg, sex, age, and federal state); (2) sexual health (2 items; eg, awareness for PSF and awareness for help); (3) self-reported received diagnosis (1 item; presence of CHC and sexual dysfunction diagnosis); (4) biopsychosocial protective and risk factors (2 items; eg, life events, general health status, and interpersonal experience); (5) help-seeking behavior (6 items

Selina Marie Kronthaler, Tatjana Tissen-Diabaté, Maria Margarete Karsten, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, Klaus Michael Beier, Laura Hatzler

J Particip Med 2025;17:e71301


An Extraction Tool for Venous Thromboembolism Symptom Identification in Primary Care Notes to Facilitate Electronic Clinical Quality Measure Reporting: Algorithm Development and Validation Study

An Extraction Tool for Venous Thromboembolism Symptom Identification in Primary Care Notes to Facilitate Electronic Clinical Quality Measure Reporting: Algorithm Development and Validation Study

Delayed diagnosis of VTE is common due to its nonspecific symptoms [29]. VTE can also be difficult to identify in the electronic health record (EHR) due to variability in how VTE is documented and coded [30]. Due to these challenges and the lack of national surveillance, the incidence of VTE is likely underestimated [31,32].

John Novoa-Laurentiev, Mica Bowen, Avery Pullman, Wenyu Song, Ania Syrowatka, Jin Chen, Michael Sainlaire, Frank Chang, Krissy Gray, Purushottam Panta, Luwei Liu, Khalid Nawab, Shadi Hijjawi, Richard Schreiber, Li Zhou, Patricia C Dykes

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e63720


Estimating Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence and Undiagnosed Proportion in Canada, 2007-2021: Mathematical Framework Development

Estimating Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence and Undiagnosed Proportion in Canada, 2007-2021: Mathematical Framework Development

Using a Bayesian calibration method based on the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, we used publicly available diagnosis data for these late-stage complications, in combination with diagnosis data for CHB itself, to back-calculate the prevalence and undiagnosed fraction of CHB. We developed a state transition model to describe the infection, progression, and treatment process, following the natural history of CHB. A schematic of this model is presented in Figure 1.

Julien Smith-Roberge, Farinaz Forouzannia, Abdullah Hamadeh, Zeny Feng, Nashira Popovic, William W L Wong

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e66309