@Article{info:doi/10.2196/19852,
author="Bartels, Sara Laureen
and van Knippenberg, Rosalia J M
and Malinowsky, Camilla
and Verhey, Frans R J
and de Vugt, Marjolein E",
title="Smartphone-Based Experience Sampling in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Feasibility and Usability Study",
journal="JMIR Aging",
year="2020",
month="Oct",
day="16",
volume="3",
number="2",
pages="e19852",
keywords="experience sampling method; mild cognitive impairment; cognition; feasibility; smartphones",
abstract="Background: Daily functioning of people with cognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is usually depicted by retrospective questionnaires, which can be memory-biased and neglect fluctuations over time or contexts. Objective: This study examines the feasibility and usability of applying the experience sampling method (ESM) in people with MCI to provide a detailed and dynamic picture of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive patterns in everyday life. Methods: For 6 consecutive days, 21 people with MCI used an ESM app on their smartphones. At 8 semi-random timepoints per day, participants filled in momentary questionnaires on mood, activities, social context, and subjective cognitive complaints. Feasibility was determined through self-reports and observable human-technology interactions. Usability was demonstrated on an individual and group level. Results: Of the 21 participants, 3 dropped out due to forgetting to carry their smartphones or forgetting the study instructions. In the remaining 18 individuals, the compliance rate was high, at 78.7{\%}. Participants reported that momentary questions reflected their daily experiences well. Of the 18 participants, 13 (72{\%}) experienced the increase in awareness of their own memory functions as pleasant or neutral. Conclusions: Support was found for the general feasibility of smartphone-based experience sampling in people with MCI. However, many older adults with MCI are currently not in possession of smartphones, and study adherence seems challenging for a minority of individuals. Momentary data can increase the insights into daily patterns and may guide the person-tailored development of self-management strategies in clinical settings. ",
issn="2561-7605",
doi="10.2196/19852",
url="http://aging.jmir.org/2020/2/e19852/",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/19852",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33064084"
}